The CIRO Model is a training evaluation framework specifically designed to assess the effectiveness of management training courses. Developed by Peter Warr, Michael Bird, and Neil Rackham in their 1970 book, “Evaluation of Management Training,” the model offers a structured approach for businesses to evaluate their management training needs and outcomes. The CIRO Model stands out from other evaluation models because it is tailored to management training, unlike more generalized models applicable to various roles within an organization.

The CIRO acronym represents the model’s four hierarchical levels of evaluation: