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Multiple Intelligence Theory, developed by Howard Gardner in 1983, challenges the traditional view of intelligence as a single, fixed capacity. Instead, Gardner proposes that humans possess eight distinct types of intelligence, each representing different ways of processing information and solving problems. This theory has significant implications for education, suggesting that teaching and learning should address diverse intelligence profiles rather than focusing solely on linguistic and logical-mathematical abilities. By recognizing and nurturing all forms of intelligence, educators can create more inclusive, effective learning environments that honour the unique cognitive strengths of each student.
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How very disappointing to log in to Adobe Academy for the first time and be greeted with this. MI in educational theory has been, rightly or wrongly, intimately linked with ‘learning styles’: a neuromyth, which has been debunked repeatedly and frequently. Gardner himself has sought to distance his research from such uses (up to and including 2025: https://wegrowteachers.com/debunking-myth-multiple-intelligences-not-learning-styles/), arguing that MI was about challenging traditional (non-1970s Western) understandings of ‘intelligence’ (think IQ tests).
For educators, MI may offer more in gaining engagement and connecting but even Gardener recognises that the model is a product of its time: At the same time, I readily admit that the theory is no longer current. Several fields of knowledge have advanced significantly since the early 1980s. (https://researched.org.uk/2018/09/26/myth-busting-gardners-multiple-intelligences/)
Learning styles have continually shown to be of little effect in improving ‘learning’ (retention, memory, understanding etc) in and of itself. Thank you, @Paul Wilson, for keeping the distinction clear.
Whatever we think of Gardener’s actual work, we must be cognisant of a history that has linked the theory (MI) with a flawed practice (Learning styles).
Be careful about being too rigid with this particular learning theory. Designers should ask themselves if they are only appealing to one or two “intelligences” and, if so, add more diversity in their modalities. Remember, this is only a theory. Howard Gardner has been criticized for this learning theory for not backing it with rigorous scientific evidence. Also, the MI theory is often confused with the unsupported learning styles theory, which has been debunked. Don’t get the two confused.
